The hope is that Christian broadcasters might actually enjoy a competitive edge during tight times that comes from serving a clientele with holy zeal for the cause.

"You don't find businesses making sacrifices to make sure advertising dollars are paid to broadcasters. That's not part of their paradigm," said Craig Parshall, senior vice president of the National Religious Broadcasters, a 1,400-member organization that held its annual convention Feb. 7-10 in Nashville.

"But individual families are willing to be sacrificial because of the mission of Christian broadcasting."

Whether they depend on donors, advertising dollars or a combination of the two, mass media ministries are feeling the recession squeeze:

* Christian radio giant Salem Communications sold four stations, slashed 10% of its workforce and trimmed 5-percent off all salaries. Nonetheless, Salem's stock price has tumbled 74% in the past year to less than $1 per share.

* Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN), the nation's largest Christian TV network, has laid off workers and scrambled to fill programming holes as T.D. Jakes, Joyce Meyer and other big-name ministries cut costs by producing fewer shows.

* Focus on the Family, which has produced James Dobson's radio show since 1977, has eliminated about 450 jobs (30% of its workforce peak) since 2004, including 200 job cuts since November.

The industry shows signs of contraction at a time when its future is fraught with uncertainty. And it's not just the economic downturn that is causing turmoil: last year, a study found that the percentage of megachurches with a radio ministry dropped from 44% in 2000 to 24% in 2008. Likewise, the percentage with television ministries dropped from 38% to 23%.

For programs that are still on the air, the challenge is attracting younger audiences who will give as consistently as their parents and grandparents. Cracking that puzzle will require experimentation, but few feel they can take significant risks in today's climate marked by razor-thin margins.

"The industry is at a crossroads," says Paul Creasman, associate professor of communications at Southern Wesleyan University in Central, S.C., and a former Christian radio personality and producer. "The audience is dwindling, and they have to figure out what to do. But the Web is not the answer because older audiences don't use the Internet... and younger audiences will go to the Web for content, but they'll probably be less likely to donate."

Moving content online may be broadcasting's future, but it's a nerve-wracking endeavor that doesn't necessarily pay the bills of the present.

"Everyone (in religious broadcasting) is doing it," Parshalls said. "And everyone is asking each other: 'Are you making money at it? Because we're not.'"

For now, broadcasters are trying to maintain - and even expand - the support of listeners who see family-friendly airwaves as one way to serve a higher cause, said Kevin Peterson, who covers Christian music stations for the trade publication Radio & Records.

"A lot of (stations) are still doing very well" with fundraising, Peterson said. "When stations have done a really good job at becoming a part of the community - being not just entertainment, but a resource and a friend - they find people say, 'I may not be able to give as much or as often, but I'm going to find a way because you're making a difference in people's lives'."

To chart their way through recessionary waters, broadcasters are refocusing on their core strategies. Often, that means programming changes, though the types of changes vary from one outlet to the next.

Moody Radio, heard on more than 700 stations nationwide, has thoroughly revamped its format to about 80% talk. That means more preaching-and-teaching, a favorite genre for senior audiences.

Over time, Moody hopes to integrate more interactive talk, which tends to attract younger audiences. But the transition will be more of a hybrid that weaves talk together with preaching-and-teaching, not replacing either one.

"These two elements together prolong the life of this format," said Doug Hastings, administration manager for Moody Radio.

At TBN, viewers are seeing new faces in slots that used to belong to some of televangelism's biggest names. Twelve new ministries, an unusually large number, have debuted on TBN within the past year, according to spokesperson John Casoria. Many of those shows have already cut their teeth on TBN-owned platforms such as the Church Channel.

"In hard times, people turn to TBN and watch faith-based programming," Casoria says. "They might not give a dollar. Maybe they'll give a quarter. But we definitely don't see a drop in viewership."

In some settings, audiences are hearing familiar voices with a new twist. Dobson usually makes just one or two end-of-year fundraising appeals, but this year he made at least six in order to underscore the severity of the economic situation, according to John Fuller, vice president for audio and new media at Focus on the Family.

"We've become," Fuller said, "a little more candid with our friends."

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